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The EFCC alleges Ahmed and his Finance Commissioner, Ademola Banu, conspired to divert about ₦5.78 billion in Universal Basic Education Commission funds meant for SUBEB teachers' salaries and for state security and infrastructural development; the EFCC's initial 2021 arrest cited roughly ₦9 billion in diverted funds, and a subsequent arraignment cited a ₦10 billion overall figure, before the case proceeded on the more specific ₦5.78 billion UBEC charge. Ahmed is separately alleged to have spent about ₦1.61 billion of security and administrative funds chartering private jets through Travel Messengers Limited.

Ahmed was arrested in May 2021, arraigned on amended 14-count charges, granted bail, and re-arraigned in October 2024 after a change of trial judge; he and Banu pleaded not guilty, and the trial continued with multiple EFCC witnesses testifying as of the most recent reporting, with no verdict reached.

The Kwara State Government filed a 20-count charge against Ahmed, Senate President Bukola Saraki, and two others, alleging they armed the gang responsible for the April 2018 Offa bank robbery and the killing of several police officers and civilians during the attack, and charging them with culpable homicide and criminal conspiracy.

Ahmed and his co-defendants were scheduled for arraignment before the Kwara State High Court in June 2026; the five convicted gunmen directly involved in the robbery were separately found guilty of armed robbery and culpable homicide in September 2024 and sentenced to death, a conviction the Court of Appeal upheld in January the following year, but that verdict did not extend to Ahmed or Saraki, whose own case remained pending.